2010年11月30日星期二
The former Germany air force (2) _ wallowing in the world
Germany to the United Kingdom's rocket attacks in 1944 on June 13, 1945, 29 March, will soon be defeated Germany and take advantage of rocket attacks on the United Kingdom. After the first world war, Germany shall initiate a study on the rocket, rocket weapons as a key in a future war. The second world war began, and has established a research rocket weapons of the specialized agencies. In 1942, V-1 rocket has been able to mass production. 1944 on 13 June, Germany from France to London Northern Cosmodrome launch first V-1 rocket. On 15 June 3 attack PRC V-1 launch 200, of which 33 rounds fired Downing, 77, the remaining loss hit London or failed. From June 13 to July 15, total emission 4361, 2500 pieces into the territory of the United Kingdom, 1241 was shot down. In September, the British and American ground troops occupation of Northern France, the German army is launching from Netherlands territory He-111 aircraft carrying air emission V-1, but poor air-launched, only 66 rounds hit London. 1944 on 8 September, V-2 rocket start, 1945 March 2, Anglo-American Army attack the Netherlands in the Hague on the launch date, a total of United Kingdom emission 1403, 1115 PCs to which United Kingdom territory, 517 missiles hit London. For this kind of missile defense, not entirely, he worked in the United Kingdom and opposition caused the panic. In 10 months of rocket attacks, Germany total emission 1.1895 rockets (V-1 1.0492 million; V-21403 PCs), to United Kingdom territory 4646, hit London urban 2937, was shot down (V-1) 3954 pieces. United Kingdom for rocket attacks killed 1.16 million injuries 6.6 million people, damaging housing 2.6 million buildings. United Kingdom on V-1 attacks, use the fighters and anti-aircraft guns, occlusion balloon cloth into multiple lines of Defense intercept. In the first half of August 1944, 7 pieces of V-1, only a hit in London. August 28, close to the coastline of 97 pieces United Kingdom V-1 and was shot down 90 pieces, the remaining 7 pieces only 4 PCs hit London. United Kingdom and the beginning of the rocket attacks, according to the air investigation interpretation results in 1943 from 17 August to send 570 "Lancaster" bomber, Pene Mingde rocket research centre of the bombing, the bombing 2000 tons, killed Germany rocket technicians and more than 700 workers, making factories and facilities were severely damaged. Since 1943, 5 December, the United Kingdom and the United States Air Force on V-1 launch site for several large-scale air attack, the June 1944, 2.51 000 vehicles were deployed. Loss of aircraft in the attack, the pilot 154-771. According to the United States strategic bombing survey estimated that makes Germany the scheduled start date of use of rocket attacks was delayed by 3 months. When the first rocket to the United Kingdom, the Allied landing at Normandy for a week, with rocket attack block Allied landing action plan. Royal Air Force in 1943 from 17 August to 1 September 1944, air strikes on the V-2 launch site, total bomb 2.126 million tons, but the effect is not good. All damage was Germany in the short term fix, until the American ground troops occupied the Hague areas near the V-2 rocket launch, the rocket attacks before they stop. North Africa and the Eastern Mediterranean region of air combat North Africa air combat early 1941, Germany "African Legion" transferred to Libya support Italy military operations. The first war of the German aircraft 110 aircraft. 31 March to begin operations in temporary control of the air in Libya. November 18, 1941, the Allies began the "Crusader" campaign, the United Kingdom Royal Air Force into combat aircraft 1072, throughout the battle to keep the air, Germany air force failed to play a role. In 1942 from 23 October to 4 November "Alamein", allies and dandy army in combat aircraft ratio gap reached down 4.2: 1, so from the beginning to the end of the air remains in the hands of the allies. German aircraft and tanks, because the allies of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea, the air transportation blockade and lack a fuel and spare parts, have failed. In 1942, 8 November to 1 December "torch plan" battle, because the US and British air force is too far away from the front lines at the airport and the German airport is closer to the front, Germany air force control the battlefield of the air, the allies were the German Army ground forces continue to dive bombers attack, United Kingdom ground troops were forced to retreat in early December to major Rapids area, the u.s. II Corps also enter Tunisia Central Philadelphia and Gafsa retreat soon after. In February 1943, the United Kingdom and the kingdoms of the Northwest African air force uniform from Northwest non-unity of command, the air force command to attack Tunisia campaign fully air preparation. To March, the allies have made the air in Tunisia, Germany air force losses. Only 18 April, the United States fighter aircraft near the coastline of the sea, Tunisia on 100 Ju-52 transporter attack, shoot down more than 50. Most of the German aircraft have to withdraw to Sicily. 13 may, North Africa dandy Legion surrender. Eastern Mediterranean region of air combat in order to ensure the reinforcement North Africa combat operations transit through, the Eastern Mediterranean region Germany air force and allied forces conducted complex battle. ����Malta Island battle to cover North Africa's transit, Germany air force 10 army stationed in Sicily at the end of the 1940. 10 January 1941, United Kingdom transport fleet at the time of the adoption of Sicily Strait, met de air force 60 frame He-111 and Ju-87 attack, "Excellence" aircraft are hit 6 bomb. 11, two British cruiser in Malta on the East Coast and was attacked, "air force de Gloucester" injuries, "Southampton" are hidden. 16, the "Excellence" USS again 70 rack Ju-87, Ju-88 attacks. 1 months, Malta island were Germany, Italy, 58 bombing of the air force. To save power, the United Kingdom on the island of bomber squadron exit 148. As a plusStrong defense, 24 "hurricane" MK1 in Malta. In June, these fighters fought Germany air force attacks. Due to the British forces in North Africa to attack Tobruk, German air force 10 army withdrawal from Sicily, only to leave Italy air attacks on Malta. In the meantime, the British garrison of strengthening Malta, set of 10 aviation Squadron, on North Africa axis maritime transit attack, the dandy, transport fleet was a great loss. In November 1941, the axis powers lost carrier 12, 5.499 million tons, accounting for 44% of the vessel departure. Hitler ordered the second air forces from the Soviet-German war to the Eastern Mediterranean region, in Sicily, in five Ju-88A4 Bomber Regiment, Ju-88 night fighter, one Ju-87, Bf-110 as escort Brigade task 53 "spade A" combat Aviation Regiment (Bf-109F) 4 Brigade, a total of 352 aircraft. Beginning air strikes against Malta island. In December 1941, the German army began to attack the British forces from Egypt to the island's transport fleet. 20 March, began to attack the island land target. Evening, take advantage of the Royal Air Force fighter all return to the ground, Germany air force Bomber Regiment, 606.608 54 Aviation Regiment, first battalion, the first 77 bombing aviation mission two Brigade, 53 Combat Aviation Regiment, 3 "Uhde-" fighting Aviation Regiment 2 battalion, 26th expelled Aviation Regiment 3 Group of about 200 aircraft, concentrated attack Tower Cali airport. To 21 March in the evening, the airport has been turned into ruins. 22 may, the German air force once again on the island other airport second round air raids. 23 March, 4 United Kingdom Navy Cruiser and supply fleet close to the island by German air force attack, four supply ship in coastal waters or terminal was blown, supply of material losses 4/5. 3 month-end, the Germans will bomb the target steering Valletta Harbour and dock. In April, the battle for the white-hot, United Kingdom for the destroyer and submarine in the air before it hit and to evacuate base; bomber units also evacuated; only the remaining 6 "hurricane" fighters. Island food, ammunition and other supplies a severe lack of access to the island's defenders most difficult period, dandy two countries towards Tripoli and Benghazi fleet can smoothly through the island of the sea. In mid-April, the US military "Bumblebee" aircraft carrier 47 "fire-fighters to the island". The German advance mastered this batch of aircraft movements, when the aircraft landed to the HAL and Tower Cali airport is about 20 minutes later, the air raids by Germany air force destroyed immediately, the remaining 27 20 frame frame and the German Army Air Corps fighting 53 and loss of aircraft. At this point in Malta island of each airport and the Terminal became ruins, military vessels have been dispersed, almost lost his resistance. Germans believe that the island is at your fingertips, then login tasks performed by the Italian army. But Mussolini think landing operations to have 3 months of lead time, delayed time landing. Fighter skips. 9 may, the United Kingdom's Royal Navy from Algeria offshore "WaSP" and the "Eagle" 64 "on the take-off fire-fighter", with the exception of the destination is outside all crashed 3 landing to the island's airport and 5 minutes after the landing of bunkers, and made ready for take-off yingdi. May 10-12, dandy force once again air strikes on the island, was attacked by the Royal Air force of serious offences, aircraft losses. Afterward, Hitler ordered bombing 77 to Aviation Regiment, ready to participate in the eastern part of the Soviet invasion, Germany air force attack forces further weakened. The end of may, 59 "fire-fighters arrived at the" Malvinas airport again, Royal Air force squadron 217 and 218, the British army at the arrival at the island's defense forces recovered their strength. July, the German army began a new Tsushima, because the British attack has been recovered, Germany air force were serious losses, loss of aircraft within 2 weeks 44, attacks have weakened. Dandy ultimately failed to occupation of Malta island. Crete air warfare-the mercury action 1941, 25 April, Hitler issued Directive No. 28 (mercury), the command of the German army on the Eastern Mediterranean to the East of Crete large-scale airborne operations, in order to end the war in the Balkans; for its invasion of North Africa and the Suez Canal gain advance base; protection of Romania General gaesti oil from the Royal Air Force air raid in Crete aircraft. The German plan input forces are: Germany air force 8 air forces, air forces, 11 total bombers 223 racks, CAs 305 aircraft, fighter aircraft, aircraft 230 50 racks, conveyor 500 planes, 72-frame transport glider. Plan means 71 Airborne Division, 5 mountain Infantry Division, glider, independent unannounced totaled 22000. Of these, 7 Airborne Division and independent unannounced mission is divided into East and West, Central 3 Squadron, respectively in the northern coast of three airports and stem Bunia airborne, mountain 5 Infantry Division for campaign reserve. Guarding the island garrison and Greece the army about 44000, but poor equipment, only 24 fighter and 6 tanks, artillery is seriously inadequate. 5/20/5 am, Germany air force maalim, Iraq and stem Bunia has conducted two air, full control of the air and on the island. 7 am, arrived in Western battle group maalim airport over the glider Airborne Corps camp 2, 4, 1 being the airport, take the glider air camp 3, defenders of violent shooting, 2/3 of the Persian soldiers. In the middle of the 3rd Squadron paratroopers Regiment 3 battalions in stem Bunia suburban parachute, falling into the British Defense circles, the majority being wiped out. Paratroopers 2 mission, since by the second group (i.e. return after take-off) transport, take-off sequence, parachute jumping, along with the process time last approximately 3 hours, landing point also very decentralized, the original plans of air cover cannot continue so long, there was virtually no air support trooper. To the evening, the Group has more than 400 casualties. Eastern battle group of parachute process in General and as confusion, loss of Central as serious. Another 600 German army was the original plan of the aircraft was shot down and could not be loaded, remain in the airport.Wbr > 21, midnight, German two class collaborating maalim 107 Highland ball next to the airport, take the East German army battle group the remaining 600 people and mountain infantry 5 ' airborne to maalim airport. Battlefield situation reversed, German air force to carry out fire support, the British evacuated maalim airport. 23, Germany Navy strengthen maritime operations, forcing the United Kingdom Navy withdrawal of Alexandria. 27 May, the German attack stem Bunia. 28, the British withdrew from Crete, late withdrawal of 6000 officers were taken prisoner. In the battle of Crete, Germany air force aircraft losses, including transporter 220-110. Particularly important impact on the future: paratroopers casualties 6500 people, so that the German Army Airborne forces in the last two years did not conduct a large-scale airborne operations until the second half began in 1943 a number of activities. ����Battle of Sicily and Italy battle air combat 1943 and July of Sicily, landing, Germany air force sent 500 vehicles a day fighter attack Sicily airport cover airport, but failed to stop the Allied landing. The German bomber at the landing area of the allies bombed ship, and achieved some results. Italy during the battle, because the allies have control of the air, Germany air force can only have a small amount of fighters for hunting in the air once in a while, have failed. Air Sood 1941, June 22, Germany surprise attack against the Soviet Union. Early in the war, the Soviet air force suffered huge losses, Germany air force took control of the air, due to its ground forces by attacking the creation of favorable conditions for them in a short time to penetrate the territory of the Soviet Union. Since then, the German air force and the Soviet air force fought fierce fighting broke out, its scale, duration and is its own aircraft since the unprecedented war. ����Germany air force combat-ready and strength deployment attacks before you begin, Germany air force specialized organizations, with 2 remote reconnaissance squadron of camouflage civil aircraft (Ju-86P high-altitude reconnaissance plane) on Soviet homeland defense in depth for reconnaissance. Soviet Union at that time, has been found free of unknown aircraft frequently, but since these aircraft fly high, Soviet aircraft cannot intercept, plus general paralysis, did not pay attention. After a reconnaissance, the German army in the first attack wave of attacks target for fronts airport 31, three suspected senior staff of institutions, two battalions and two artillery position, 1 build a barrier region, an oil base, and the port of Sevastopol. Germany air force attack the Soviet Union, before the loss of 5500 aircraft, in order to compensate for the loss, Germany quickly expanded the original aircraft factory production, and the establishment of a new aircraft manufacturing factory. In 1940, Germany made the aircraft 10247 frame. 1940 August 1, 1941, June 22, through manufacturing and repair of the damaged aircraft, Germany increased 7682-combat aircraft. 1941-5-29, Germany intended to attack the Soviet combat aircraft has reached more than 4000, campaign Corps and Army Air Corps has reached 306 Battle Squadron, of which 127 bomber squadron, 89 fighter squadron. Central Reserve 387 aircraft. In addition, the vote of the European action for invasion of the Soviet officials from countries, Finland air force into combat aircraft 307, Romania, Hungary into 623 48 inputs, Italy put 70 rack. The German main battle models to invasion, Ju-87.Ju-88.He-111.Do-17 are switched power engine. ����War in the early stages of surprise--the Barbarossa plan of 1941, June 22 at 3: 15 pm, Germany air force plan angle from Norway in the North to the South of the Black Sea's long front, 4 course surprise attack of the Soviet Union. June 22, the day into the strength of 1945 aircraft, according to the plan to attack the intended target. Of these, the Soviet aircraft at the airport to the main target of the attack, in particular the deployment of new fighter of the airport. Due to the Soviet Union did not prepare in advance, on the Germany air force attacks off, the aircraft at airports is no secret to arrange on the runway. Germany air force use CAs to parking at the airport of aircraft bombing, a fighter and attack planes for low-level attacks level bomber is responsible for the surprise behind the airport. The fighting in the first round of attacks is not subjected to any resistance until the strike and return to the aircraft replace the bomb strike again, only to be Soviet fighters scattered volleys. The first day of the war, Germany air force has destroyed Soviet aircraft 1811 frame, which has been destroyed on the ground 1489 frame. To 23 June, destroyed Soviet aircraft 2856 f. -11 July, a total of destroyed 6293 frame. Due to the Soviet Union were destroyed on the ground plane, so the pilot's losses are relatively smaller number, the Germans destroyed aircraft crew to withdraw to the rear and the reorganization of the new air force. Despite the huge loss of the air force of the Soviet Union, but still in the early days of the war torn and Germany air force to fight. From 25 June to 10 July, Soviet air force complete fighting off 47000 in aerial shot down de machine 752, 384 in airport ground destroyed. Germany air force supremacy, Germany Army combat activities provides broad support for the initial goal of eradicating the Soviet air force steering block attack and close-air support. In 1941 during the year, Germany army, with the support of the air force, you can enjoy the Soviet air force attack conditions. Germany's air force "Barbarossa" action, on the Germany army offensive ongoing tactical support in the first place, and the strategic objectives, basically reset aside. Limited to attack the Soviet defensive deployment, in particular the destruction of the Soviet army's build base geographic as well as roads, railways, to hinder the Soviet army reserve forward movement. As for the support of the Soviet Union to further combat military industry not to attack the Soviet Union can quickly turn them over to the defense in depth security zoneAnd quickly back into production. No strategic operations, Germany air force actually act as subordinate to the army of a tactical air arm. Due to the Soviet war potential has not been affected by the great destruction, Soviet air force to strike to recover quickly, and take back control of the air, keeping the end of the war. ����Sood battlefield battle for control of the air battle of Soviet-German war for control of the air battles can roughly be divided into three stages. First stage: 1941 June 22 to November 18, 1942. Germany air force to win and maintain strategic control of the air. Soviet air force extremely difficult circumstances. Nevertheless, the Soviet air force still dispatched aircraft 85.8 million vehicles, throwing 17 million tons, Germany air force aircraft 15000 frame loss. Battle in Moscow, Soviet air force in the first local battle of the air. Second phase: November 19, 1942-August 1943. After Stalingrad battle, battle of Leningrad, the North Caucasus in air combat, libraries, classes in air combat, battle of Kursk, Dnepr air combat, Germany air force of several largest air force cluster is destroyed, the Soviet army from winning battles in the air to fully seize strategic control of the air, and the strategic air until the end of the war. Third stage: the summer of 1944 to the end of the war in 1945. Germany air force in Soviet-German war loss of aircraft, the pilot lost more and more serious and cannot be added to the final complete failure. ����Moscow battle--the Soviet air force for the first time air supremacy battle of 1941, on 30 September, the German tanks of the second cluster to Bryansk front Army Defense attack, opened the Moscow regional campaign kicked off; October 2, the German "Central" Army Group began to Soviet army West front and reserve front Army attack, gradually evolve into of the battle of Moscow. In the battle of the half-year struggle for control of the air combat special heated, the scale is immense. Soviet defense stage. 2 October, Germany air force-intensive assault to support ground forces will soon break through the Soviet defenses, the German capital in Vyazma direction to round four of the Soviet armies and Bryansk and closed the Soviet army three armies. 2 December, the German army had taken from Moscow only 20 km from Istria and yakhroma. Germany air force prepare for the October 12 to 13, the Soviet Union's industrial heartland, Aviation Center, railway terminal, bridges, crossings, directing agencies to carry out large-scale air attack. Soviet air force pilot actions, 10 11 to 18, airplanes 937 vehicles, on the German line airport centrally blitz, destroyed more than 500 aircraft. November 5-8 October and airplanes 300 vehicles surprise 28 airport, destroyed ground plane 121 framework, 61 air combat destroyed. November 12-15 October, and surprise the German Airport 88 19 destroyed the aircraft. Germany air force was forced to leave the aircraft evacuation to the front of the airport, the combat effectiveness affected. The Soviet army to battle in the direction of Moscow won control of the air, creating favorable conditions. July 1941 to December, de air force air strikes on a total of 122 time in Moscow, airplanes 7146 sorties. But because of the well-organized Moscow air defense forces, combat efficiency is high, only 229 sorties to fly in urban areas, Germany air force aircraft 952 frame loss, Moscow's buildings have not been seriously damaged, personnel were not affected by serious injuries. In the two months of Defense operations, Germany air force aircraft 1400 frame loss. To the beginning of December, Germany air force aircraft of the Soviet-German war has been removed from the beginning of the war fell to 4980-2830, in Moscow direction only 700 rack. The Soviet army due to be added, in the direction of the air forces of Moscow has been the first time more than German. Soviet air force obtained after local battle of the air, in the second phase, counterattack (1941, 5 December ~ 1942 5 January) and the third phase of the General attack phase (1942 ~ 5 January 1942, 20 April), on the ground forces to effectively support the Soviet troops from Germany air force harassing of mobilization of reserve and attack, Moscow battle to the German army failed. ����Stalingrad-Soviet air force air again win battle of Stalingrad in pre-war Germany air force will, for the preparation of the new attack campaign, from the local community and other battlefield to battlefield Sood. mobilization of air power In May 1942, the Soviet-German war allies into the aircraft and reach 3395. In Stalingrad direction deploying Germany air force ACE fourth air force, about 1200 aircraft. From 1942 on July 17, Germany started attacking Stalingrad, Soviet, German Air Force launched a fierce aerial combat. German air force still uses the old methods of operation, sent out a large number of bombers on the Soviet ground forces repeatedly intensive attack. As of August 23, Germany air force sent 2000 sorties bombed on Stalingrad. Germany, the Soviet air force in the Don and Volga vast geographical between intense combat. Daily air 60-70 times both airplanes 50-60 aircraft. From 1942 on 17-18 November 1792, air combat, Germany air force aircraft in air-to-air combat losses in 1638. German air force's airport was the Soviet air force bombing, the loss of aircraft at the airport at 513. Air combat results, Germany air force in Stalingrad direction de activity gradually Soviet repression, as in the Soviet Army captured the battle to retake control of the stage. In 1942, 19 November, the battle of Stalingrad Soviet counterattack. At this point that front air force strength comparison: German 1216 aircraft, the Su-1350 aircraft, the number of aircraft of the Soviet army, slightly more than the number of German forces, the Soviet fighter aircraft, the number of German forces at the daytime bomber. To 30 November, the Soviet army dispatched aircraft total 6741 vehicles, airplanes laden???��??��?you 1381 vehicles, Germany air force losses of more than 200 aircraft. At this point the Soviet campaign to air has been made. 1123 May, the Soviet Union of Stalin area of about 20 million German round has been completed. Hitler ordered the besieged German-held by the German air force air clearances in front of the provision. But the besieged forces daily needs at least 750 tons, Germany air force lacks sufficient cargo plane to complete the task. Even if the transporter, in snowy weather, in Soviet fighter has the dominant area, it is impossible to accomplish this task. Struggling to into some supply materials and wounded transported 29000, 1943 after 24 January last temporary small runway in the Soviet offensive in loss. 2 February, besieged the German surrender to the Soviet army. In addition to the lost in demyansk area of 10 million German, Germany air force carried out a large-scale air. From 2/20/40 Ju-52 in demyansk airport landing air for the first batch of goods, 18 may the German open a gateway to the encirclement of the "land bridge", in 3 months time, besieged forces rely on the "air bridge" to support. Total transport various goods 24303 tons, with average daily 276 tons (need 300 tons of 92%), shipped and wounded 22093, supplementary staff 15446, 14455 aircraft were deployed. German air force aircraft damage, injuries and 265 aircrew 383. In addition to this service in a significant loss of aircraft of the German army, the German air force's largest losses are pilots. These long training, militant experience damage for Germany air force strength is a significant weakening. ����Library class air war--the Soviet air force win strategic air of milestones in 1943, the Soviet army in the spring in the Northern Caucasus Front for the liberation of Taman peninsula, on the German army launched an attack campaign. Warring parties here set a large number of air forces. Campaign from 17 April to 7 June. At the beginning of the battle of Germany air force in the region there are about 1000 aircraft, mostly bombers, the fighter only 220; and Germany air force instead, Soviet air force has 900 aircraft, most of which is a fighter. 17 April-24 April, Mace hake region for the first time in air combat. Germany air force bombed out 1000 vehicles, and the Soviet army guarding the Soviet air force fighter sorties 1427 for 85-152, loss bomber air combat, Soviet air force losses 76 shelves. 20 April Soviet bomber also on the German army used the airport has conducted two massive air raids, each deployed aircraft 200 vehicles, Germany air force as a last resort to frontline aircraft from the airport. From 29 April to 10 may, in the Crimean Tulskaya area the two sides had 285 times fleet air combat, Germany air force aircraft losses, 368 Soviet air force aircraft 70 frame loss. 26 May to 7 June in Kiev Tulskaya town and the Mohr more gas card-town region conducted a large-scale air combat, in 11 days, Germany air force and the Soviet air force conducted 364 times air combat, Germany air force aircraft losses, 315, Soviet air force losses 150 aircraft. Throughout the library class air combat, Germany air force aircraft and a total of 1100 frame loss, the loss of Soviet air force aircraft and 296 racks. This time the air combat so Germany air force strength considerably weakened, the Soviet-German war Soviet air force ultimate supremacy of important milestones. ����Kursk battle--Germany air force loss strategy air supremacy in 1943 in summer, Germany in launching the "fortress" campaign (i.e., Kursk battle). In order to launch a campaign, Germany air force only 15 March to 1 July, from Germany, France and Norway to the Soviet-German war increased 13 Airmen of the cluster, the Soviet-German war planes to 2980 frame, 2050 frame aggregation in the Kursk region. In the same period, the Soviet air force build-up in the Kursk region of aircraft reached 3000 frames, the first number in the aircraft under operational advantage. In 1943, the Soviet Union and Germany have increased the output of the aircraft, equipped with new models. Germany 1943 total production aircraft 2.4807 million shelf, Soviet production aircraft 1.0600 million. Germany air force started equipment Fw-190A fighter, the new model Bf109 fighter, Soviet air force started equipment La-5 and Yak-9 fighters. Starting from 5 March, Sue de both on the other side of the airport, railway terminal, to conduct a large-scale attack. From 5 July the German attack begins, the two sides also above the battlefield for large-scale intense combat, only 5 day occurs 175th cluster air combat, Germany air force aircraft 279 frame loss. Two weeks after the war, the clusters more than 1000 times in air combat, often there are 200-250 aircraft over the battlefield, Germany air force combat aircraft reached more than 1500 loss. July 8, the Soviet army for Orel-Kursk direction of battle of the air, on 9 July in Largo road-the battle of Kursk direction for air. 1943 on 12 July, the Soviet army in Orel direction to counterattack. Soviet air force mobilized to the mobilization of all air forces, in the Kursk region focus plane 5000, Germany air force aircraft in the same area has dropped to 2200 shelves, in particular the number of fighter, between Sood for 3: 1. Therefore, in the Soviet counterattack 1700 times occur during combat, Germany air force aircraft 2245 frame loss. The battle of Kursk, Germany air force in the total loss of aircraft 3700. Since then, Germany air force combat deadly combat power significantly weaken the assault, on the future of process and outcome of battle can no longer exert significant influence, the strategy of the Soviet-German war broke out the complete turn Soviet party. Germany Air Force Chief of staff of the leaf rissanek will think that this is not possible to save Germany air force destroyed destiny, ease of 1943 August 19 suicide. Until the surrender of Germany, East Germany air force failed to retake control of the air. According to the Soviet Union, Soviet-German war in Germany and a total loss of aircraft for the allies 77000 frame. The United Kingdom and the United States Air Force on the strategic bombing of Germany The United Kingdom and the United States Air Force on the strategic bombing of Germany, generally can be divided into four phase: 1 January, 1940-December 1942, basically by the United Kingdom alone on Germany's oil industry, the aluminium industry, aircraft engines, industrial as well as Cologne, Essen, Berlin, and other big city bombing, trying to undermine Germany's oil, aircraft production and the fight against the will of the people in Germany. Because at that time, the United Kingdom is busy local defense, bombers on the number and amount of limited effect bomb is very poor. 2 January 1943--January 1944, the United Kingdom and the United States air force to begin joint operation. Bombing targets mainly Germany's u-manufacturing industry, aerospace industry, bearing industry, big cities and industrial areas, although the scale of bombing a bigger stage, but since the United Kingdom and the United States air force in strategic and tactical disagreements, the action is inconsistent, input power is still not great, bombing of effect is still not clear. 3, 1944, from February to June, as part of Normandy's strategic bombing. The main objective is Germany's aviation industry, airport and railway transportation system, achieving strategic control of the air. This time is short, but concentrated, with the goal of simple and clear, large and the results are obvious. 4 July 1944 to April 1945, large-scale strategic bombing. Bombing targets mainly Germany's oil industry, transportation systems, tanks and artillery factory. This phase is throwing in the first three phases of three times the total bomb, the effect is very significant. Germany air force to repel the bombing was fiercely fight. It is necessary to separate columns Syria's events are: 3, 1942-June United Kingdom began to Germany cities "Chin machine large bombing." Since then, Germany to strengthen the local air defense forces, air force forces use extremely fragmented, with the bath water. In 1941, Germany air force aircraft with 61% for the Soviet-German war, but to the 1943, only 20% of the aircraft remained in the Soviet-German war. This is not a Bf-110.Ju-88.Do-217 these for air combat aircraft Squadron, a large number of returns native Germany for night fighter. This is the Soviet air force can win another strategic control of the air. Germany air force in 1942 years of Defense is very effective, the United Kingdom air force aircraft losses wonderfully, shot, wounded 2724 1404 frame. Germany's fighting spirit is not reduced, its production capacity over the previous year to rise by 50%. 1943, allied bombers did years ago remote fighter escort. In 1943, the United States began to P-51.P-47 remote fighter bomber escort, throughout Germany fighter loss sudden surge. As a result of the allied air offensive, forcing Germany benefit at the expense of the frontline to assault, local defense forces gradually depleted. Due to the urgent need to reduce to a fighter against the allied to the yield of the bombers. Aircraft losses increase, as well as the growing shortage of skilled pilots, Germany air force sharp decline in the quality of training. These are Germany air force ultimate failure. In October 1943, Germany air force for the first time in the night fighter interceptor radar equipment BC. In 1944, 30 March, the United Kingdom air force 795 bombers shot down by night Nuremberg, was 94 frame, most of which are equipped with the radar of night fighter plane shot down. In early 1945, Germany air force Me-262 jet fighters began to attend air defense, air combat results immediately appear overwhelming situation. In 1945, of a battle, 6 Me-262 Shimada bombers shot down 14 and own no loss. Germany factory total manufacturing 1433 frame Me-262, but due to various reasons only 200 were approved. The allies in 1945 at the beginning of a large-scale air attack, the jet plane base (Base's runways long, so it is very easy recognition), Jet engine fuel factory as a key target, Germany jet aircraft in its role on the battlefield. In the last 5 years of strategic bombing, the war of the Allied bombers from more than 500 of 1942, increased to 1945 April 14000 frame. Total: bombers 44.4 million vehicles, fighter 268 million, the total amount of more than 270 million throwing tons, of which more than half the territory of Germany. Germany civilian deaths and more than 30 million people, 78 million people. The allies lost about 4 000 aircraft, flight personnel losses 15.8 million. Germany air force aircraft 57385 frame loss. In the end, Germany air force is strong in the UK, the US and USSR air forces completely eliminated. From September 1939 to 1945, 3 March, Germany air force personnel were killed as 511307 (including flight crew, ground handling and air force anti-aircraft hand, paratroopers), 113514 aircraft destroyed most of the remaining portion was seized. However, Germany during the war of the late development of a large number of new weapons, though not affect war process or time to use, yet profoundly affected the post-war powers of weapons development and progress of human civilization, until today. Germany air force �� ACEs E r I c h shoot down enemy aircraft in World War II Hartmann 352-one of Germany's air force pilots--Erich Hartmann �� �� the "ACE of Trump 1942.11.5 first were shot down 2 IL-; 1943.7.5 attack planes, Hartmann sent out four times a day, shot down 5 la-5 fighter; the end of September, Hartmann enemy 115 frame, created by breaking Mo Desmond enemy 100 records, becoming the new" space hero ". 10.29, he shot the first 150, ping the LU, based on 10.1Creating 150 records; 1944.3.2, reached 202; 1944.7.1, Hartmann has shot up to 250; 8.23 290; 1945.5.8, 352 aircraft shot down. G e r �� h a r d Barkhorn in world air combat history only two people shot down over 300 aircraft aircraft, one of which is known to unprecedented Super ACE-��-Erich Hartmann, another is the G major �� buckhorn, he shot down the plane, 301 is Germany's second trump. 1941.7.2, first enemy; at the end of November, their personal achievements were accumulated over 10; 100; at the end of December, we have reached 1943.11.30 200; 1945. 1.5, buckhorn personal victories have soared to 301. �� G �� t h e r n Rall Gunter �� Corral major 1940.5.12 in France for the first time, shot down over a hawk 75A-type aircraft; 1943.8.29 become Germany air force more personal results in 200 of third persons; 1943.11.28 also become Nowotny after the army's second personal victories breakthrough 250 aircraft records pilot. Germany's third air ACE, he shot down a 275 aircraft; West line 4, the East line 271 (including 2 IL-15). T o O t �� Kittel �� "the Annihilator of Shturmovik" Otto Thiel �� Kitt �� "the butcher killers" 1941.6.22 Otto �� radical Tuttle first shot down SB-2 and Jacques-1. Air war in the East line 583 times, shot down 267. 1945.2.14 Valentine's day is IL-2 attack planes shot. �� W t a l e r Nowotny �� Walter Nowotny major 1920 December 7, born in Austria, and later joined the air force in Austria. 1941-6. 22 Nowotny scored his first victories in October 1943, he became the first breakthrough in shooting down 250 rack. Formally constituted the world's first jet fighter wing "KommandoNowotny" Brigade, Nowotny as its commander. 1944.11.8 shot by P-51 Mustang. Total enemy 258 (East line 255 racks, West line 3) 6.Erich Erich Rudorffer �� Rudolf Le major �� Germany air force first Sharpshooter Erich �� Rudolf Le major �� Germany air force first Sharpshooter, propeller and jet fighters of new houses and the ACE. 1943.11 day 13-Soviet aircraft shot down. 1938 joined Germany air force. 1940.5.14 shot down for the first time France's air force "hawk" 75 fighter; 1944.4.11 record 113. 1945.1.26 gets 210 victory. Total number of 222-224 to shoot down aircraft (Western line 60 frame �� including 10 4 engine bombers and 12 with Me 262 jet aircraft shot down, 26, East Africa line 138 shelf �� including 58 IL-2 attack planes). 7.Heinz Bar Heinz �� Barr Lieutenant Colonel �� "Scarlet 13". 1939.9.25 shot down for the first time France's air force Hawk-75 A-2 fighter; 221 total record, including 79 West line shot down, shot down East line 96 rack, African and Eastern Mediterranean front shot down 46; perform combat mission over 1,000; shoot down 21 four engine heavy bombers record entered Germany air force general ranking of the top 20; 16 record in Germany air force Fighter Aces of the top ranked third 8.Hermann Graf Herman �� Graf Lieutenant Colonel �� 1941.8.4 first enemy aircraft shot down; attack 830 times, a total of 202 aircraft shot down East line and West line 10, a total of 212 aircraft were in Germany ranked ninth in the air force. 9.Heinrich Ehrler and Theodor Weissenberger Heinrich �� Michael Heller major �� JG5 ' Eismeer ' with the captain, the first to shoot down United Kingdom 1940.5 of Blenheim bombers; 1943.Jun.8. shot down 100; 150 1944.5.25. shoot down; 1944.11.20. shot down 200 joined JG7'Nowotny ' wings; 1945.4.6. driving with Me 262A-1a collision killed by us military bombers; downed 208 frame �� the frame, the Western route 4 East line 204; 8 shelves with Me 262 jet aircraft shot down. 10.Johannes Steinhoff-Stein, the Hoff, Colonel JG26 JG52, JG77, JG7 and JV44 wing service, attack, shooting down a 993 176 enemy aircraft, line 28 frame, frame, East Route 148 (6-shot with Me 262, shot down four 4-engine bombers, 10 aircraft Il-2 attack planes) is the piston and Jet ACE new houses.
Homemade olive oil, dhc pure olive nurse lipstick and False _ Bemba
As of October 1, mineral water and other goods to begin using the new standard pure homemade olive oil, olive nurse dhc lipstick and false news highlights in mainly: bid specifications for the product class names; olive fruit oil cannot be marked as olive oil; various types of olive oil products should be labeled trans fatty acid content; ... In addition to domestic "luhua premium Virgin blend oil" and the "EU imports, Wei LAN premium Virgin blend oil" outer packaging label is "packing date", the remaining olive oil packaging is marked with the "date of production." Autumn diet Guide: "three high" never mind the magical effect of olive oil "homemade olive oil, dhc pure olive nurse lipstick and false" olive oil originating in the small province, subsequently spread to Eastern Mediterranean coast, scientific name OLEAEUROPAEAL, and China produced olive fruit are two different species, olive oil of medicinal and nutritional values are very high. ... Olive oil is a pure natural product, is the real "olive juice". Natural mature olive fruit, imported expensive Changsha half olive oil imported into loading "homemade olive oil, dhc pure olive nurse lipstick and false" sanxiangdushibao September 27 rising from 1 October, in brewing for years in the olive oil, olive fruit oil GB will for the first time in China. The new national standard specifically provides, there are Virgin olive oil, refining, mixing three, ... In recent years, luhua, blessings and more force, arawana, etc. domestic brands have begun sales of olive oil, but its crude oil are from Spain, Italy and other countries. Guangdong Camellia oil and game: West olive oil industry promotion Pingyuan modern agriculture in transition a homemade tea and Western game being played out in olive oil. Guangdong is the main source of origin of tea-seed oil, ... Olive oil as a health chief representative of the "oil", has been unanimously welcomed the citizens, a unit from Greece's "olive oil", the wave is sweeping the entire continent. Olive oil is pure at the acidity, vigilant fruit residue to fool people homemade olive oil, dhc pure olive nurse lipstick and false supermarket varieties and brands of olive oil is also more and more complex, and instructions on professional nouns tend to let consumers confused. 1 October, ... But apart from fragata made olive oil and Virgin olive oil, and sunflower, olive oil, etc. At the same time, Ms. Chang does not understand and shelf life. 1 October olive oil chaos phenomenon will improve as of October 1, fruit of the olive oil and olive-residue oil GB will formally implemented. Deadline is approaching, the olive oil market situation how consumers buy olive oil estate exists which confused? ... But in addition to domestic olive oil extra virgin olive oil, extra virgin olive oil, and sunflower oil, olive oil and canola oil, olive. Domestic brands into the degree of difficulty and the corresponding policy breakthroughs need to match. High-end cooking oil market share all brand seat heating is divided out of the "olive oil" abroad, because olive to Spain, Italy, Greece, the most famous, China productivity olive, olive oil from the olive refining in China are "imported" form, like commodities, billion Alba, Kaposi, Les Rui Li Wei LAN, OU, Brive Crete, or imported from Spain, or imported from Italy, ... Domestic brands into the degree of difficulty and the corresponding policy breakthroughs need to match. China's high-end cooking oil is to parents heard about survival report is the best olive oil, vegetable oil has a high nutritional value, on the child's body, every day for the children to eat with olive oil fried vegetables. ... We suggest that the Chinese baby or eat homemade vegetable oils, various oil rotation about eating, the child's good health. Cereal crops to eat less food, specially for people who are saying that the modern eating too fine, some young parents in order to let the baby grows more solid health, making every day for baby cereal porridge. Four ruler balance family meals have parents heard that olive oil is the best vegetable oil, has a high nutritional value, on the child's body, every day for the children to eat with olive oil fried vegetables. ... We suggest that the Chinese baby or eat homemade vegetable oils, various oil rotation about eating, the child's good health. Cereal crops to eat less food, specially for people who are saying that the modern eating too fine, some young parents in order to let the baby grows more solid health, making every day for baby cereal porridge. "4 ruler" balancing family meals, however, from the olive oil market, homemade olive oil "territory" is still small. At the same time, large quantities of olive oil enterprises abroad to enter the Chinese market begins. In the past, China's imports of olive oil from the Eastern Mediterranean countries rich in olive trees, such as Spain, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Tunisia, Lebanon, Syria, Israel, Jordan, etc., but now that the new olive oil producing countries, domestic manufacturers sites is small, home-made olive oil fubeishoudi however, from the olive oil market, homemade olive oil "territory" is still small. At the same time, large quantities of olive oil enterprises abroad to enter the Chinese market begins. In the past, China's imports of olive oil from the Eastern Mediterranean countries rich in olive trees, such as Spain, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Tunisia, Lebanon, Syria, Israel, Jordan, etc., but now that the new olive oil producing countries, domestic manufacturers sites small homemade "olive oil" fubeishoudi Jiangsu businessmen Huang Xin said that, in 2006, he had two major packages-made notebook new visor, travelling to IndiaBorder area. ...2006 July, Yan Qing gang border trade market pre-opening, India provided through is the heap la border trade channel to China's export of 29 types of goods, including coffee, tea, rice, flour, wheat (,), dry and fresh vegetables, vegetable oil, extra virgin olive oil, tobacco, dried chillies, dairy products, perfume, canned, India crowding China-India border trade products into barter a building b, home-made wine: wine, liquor, wine, beer, wine and fruit wine, health, etc.; ... 2nd floor, food class b domestic food class: tea, coffee, beverages, edible oil, olive oil, snack foods, green food, microwave food, diet food, Bakery foods, frozen foods, newborn and child food, nutritional food, organic food, frozen food, canned food, health food, chocolate 2009 China (Hangzhou) international wine and food products exhibition due to the price differences, the current domestic soybean has lost the right to speak, compounded by a native of soybean and soybean oil competitive disadvantage. The high rate of "out of the oil, the cost of production of oil is low, but this is not a consumer good, because genetically modified soybean has also led to increased cholesterol content in oil, long-term consumption, ... It is against this background the market such as corn germ oil, walnut oil, sunflower oil, olive oil and other high-end cooking oil. Healthy diet promotes many varieties of edible oil corn germ oil into a new favourite "check box is not found, the import from infected meat products, import of cosmetics, olive oil packaging has the logo, CIQ small packages of food labels also meets the requirements. ��... When you check in the supermarket, law enforcement officers also found that businesses will import fruit and homemade fruit mix, some fruit gift box packaging is not the "specification", "gift box on the ' orange, ' ' United States New Zealand Kiwi ', also printed with ' English '. "Ocean food night recognition? look Chinese label Mead (China): unqualified is imported products, home-made Mead is secure as far as I understand it, the two groups of unqualified Mead infant formula consists of Xiamen in the import and export co., Ltd. ... And young people like to buy imported snacks, number ageing on imports of olive oil extra interest. Century you just hang people of Lianhua told a reporter, a number of economic conditions, particularly the elderly of good care for edible oil quality, more about homemade olive oil, dhc pure olive nurse lipstick and false articles
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Lechang, Guangdong Province in 2010-in a comprehensive test of political section senior 2010-3-8 a, multiple-choice (following theme of the four options in only one of the best adresses, please put it out. Each question four minutes, a total of 84 min) 1. culture as a human-specific phenomenon, in social life has very rich forms. The following is a cultural phenomenon is ( ) �� 60th anniversary �� evening party yandangshan natural scenery �� �� the great wall of China foreign exchange reserves have increased �� Wenzhou municipal people's Congress of the Communist Party election �� Declaration A. �٢� �� B-�� �� �� C. �� �� �� D-�� �� �� 2 April 17, 2009 articles pointed out that the people's daily, people for humane education, should increase the content of the scientific spirit, the spirit of science as opposed to the feudal superstition, cults, illegal activities, pseudoscience sharp weapon, guide people to firmly establish the scientific world, life and values. This www.ks5u.coma because. influence of the culture of the people in General is not a tangible, enforced B �� ? world, life and values are the people at the heart of the cultural literacy and mark C �� ? elite culture to create a better life happiness D �� ? culture on human impacts are indelible 3, the League once said that "the elephant" as the topic for a reward of essay, who developed the United Kingdom United Kingdom ruled African elephant business law topics; France who made a copy of "like love"; Italy people humming the like Oh like Oh "verses; and Poland who wrote a political views, called the" Poland's sovereignty and the relationship of ". This description ( ) A. cultural differences affect people contacts between the way B �� ? cultural differences affect people's practical activities C �� ? cultural differences are reflected in different ideology D �� ? cultural differences affect people's way of thinking has 4, cleaning, savage chaotic soul will swing pure waves, swept away the ignorance of dust, thought will be blooming beautiful flowers. ����������� ��A���Ļ����Ƚ������֮��B��Ҫ�������ؽ��ܽ������ϵ��Ļ�C���Ļ��Ǿ����wbr>D�����������Ļ��Ķ���5�������գ����������У�������ֱ����ɳ������֮��ڡ� �����Ļ�����Ӱ��ĽǶȿ�������˵�����ֵĵ�����֮һ�µ����� ���١���ĸ��Ǩ���ڶ��ĿȾ20081103�۶�ʩЧ�wbr> �ܡ������߳࣬��ī�ߺڡ� A���٢ڢ� > B �� ? �٢� �� C �� ? �� �� �� D �� ? �ڢۢ� 6. National Day celebration of the 60th anniversary parade to its scale, advanced equipment, to nationals, to showcase our country's founding 60 years of defence construction achievements, will greatly enhance the cohesion of the nation and inspire people of all nationalities to the Socialist cause make greater efforts and contributions. This indicates that ( ) �� cultural effect on people with subtle features �� culture to people in General to adopt certain cultural forms and cultural activities to participate in various cultural activities �� are cultivating healthy personality important way �� culture as a kind of spiritual power, the people understand the world and in the process of transforming the world into a material force �٢ڢ� A.